|
Specification
Sheets for Australian Essential Oils
The following Oils are
included:
1. Australian
Paper Bark Tree - Tea Tree
Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel
(refers to black trunk and white branches and the alternating
foliage)
2. Australian
White Cloud oil
Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell.
(refers to black trunk and white branches
3. Australian
Melaleuca linariifolia Oil
Paper Bark Tree or Snow-in-Summer
Melaleuca linariifolia Smith
(refers to black trunk and white branches of many species and
leaves like the toad flax genus Linaria)
4. Australian
Niaouli Oil CT cineole
Broad-Leaved Paper Bark Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T.Blake
(refers to black
trunk and white branches of many species and with 5 nerves)
5. Australian
Nerolina Oil CT nerolidol
Broad-Leaved Paper Bark Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake
(refers to black trunk
and white branches of many species and with 5 nerves)
6. Australian
Rosalina Oil
Swamp Paper Bark Tree
Melaleuca ericifolia
Smith
(refers to black trunk and white branches and with leaves
like the genus Erica)
7. Australian
Anise Myrtle Oil
Aniseed Tree
Backhousia anisata J. Vickery
(After James Blackhouse, a 19th century English nurseryman and
Quaker missionary and for oil of Anise seed)
8. Australian Lemon Myrtle Oil
Lemon Scented Myrtle Tree or Lemon Ironwood Tree
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
(After James Backhouse, 19th century English nurseryman and Quaker
missionary and lemon-scented)
9. Tasmanian Lavender Oil
Lavender Plant
Lavandula angustfolia Miller
(refers to Latin word lavare which refers to the older uses
of this plant in soap and ‘to wash’ and narrow-leaved)
10. Australian
Lemon-Scented Tea Tree (Citratum) Oil
Lemon-Scented Tea Tree
Leptospermum petersonii Bailey
[From the Greek word referring to the slender (leptos)
seeds (sperma) and names after W. J. Peterson , the
original collector in 1905].
11. New Zealand Manuka Oil or Tairawhiti Manuka
Oil
Manuka Tree
Leptospermum scoparium J. & G. Forster - East Cape Type
CT beta-triketones
[From the Greek and refers to the slender seeds (leptos and
sperma) and broom-like (scoparium)]
12. New Zealand Kanuka Oil
Burgan Tree
Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson (Leptospermum
ericoides)
(After Gustav Kunze, 18-19th century, a Professor of Botany in
Leipzig, Germany, and resembles the genus Erica)
13. Tasmania Kunzea or Spring Flower Oil [Du Cane
Kunzea Oil]
Tick Bush, White Kunzea Tree
Kunzea ambigua (Smith) Druce
(After Gustav Kunze, 18-19th century, a Professor of Botany in
Leipzig, Germany, and ambiguous or doubtful)
14. Australian Blue Cypress Oil
Northern Cypress Pine
Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith
(from the Greek calli or beautiful and treis or three, in
allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements of its parts, leaves
i.e. scales and intratropica within the tropics)
15. Australian Victorian Emerald Cypress Oil
Coastal Cypress Pine
Callitris columellaris F. Muell.
(from the Greek calli or beautiful and treis or
three, in allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements of its
parts, leaves i.e. scales and the central column of the tree is
prominant)
16. Australian Jade Cypress Oil
White Cypress Pine
Callitris glaucophylla (syn. Callitris glauca)
(from the Greek calli or beautiful and treis or
three, in allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements of its
parts, leaves i.e. scales and silvery leaves)
17. Australian Buddha Wood Oil
False Sandalwood Tree
Eremophila mitchellii Benth.
[to love (phila) a lonely place or desert (eremos)
and named after Sir Thomas Mitchell, a 19th century explorer and
botanist]
18. West Australian Sandalwood Oil
Fragrant Sandalwood Tree
Santalum spicatum R. Br.
(Sandalwood and the size of a head of a grain)
19. Australian Blue-Leaved Mallee Oil
Eucalyptus Mallee Tree
Eucalyptus polybractea CT cryptone
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and many bracts]
20. Australian Eucalyptus Gully Gum tree
Gully Gum or Blackbutt Peppermint Tree
Eucalyptus smithii R. Baker
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and after H. G. Smith,
chemist who investigated the oils of the Eucalypts]
21. Australian Eucalyptus Narrow-leaf tree
Narrow-leaf Peppermint Tree/Australian Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus radiata Sieber ex DC.
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and flower bud
radiating]
22. Australian Peppermint Tree CT piperitone Oil
Broad-Leafed Peppermint Tree
Eucalyptus dives Schauer CT piperitone
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and rich and plentiful
which refers to the flowers or the leaf oils]
23. Australian Eucalyptus Iron-Bark
Lemon-Scented Ironbark Tree
Eucalyptus stageriana F. Muell. ex Bailey
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and after K. T. Staiger,
a former Government Analytical Chemist, Qld]
24. Australian Eucalyptus Lemon-Scented Tree
Lemon-Scented Gum Tree
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and lemon-scented]
25. Tasmanian and Victorian Eucalyptus Blue Gum
Tree
Blue Gum Tree
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
[well-covered, (the flower bud has a cap) and the fruit is a
little ball]
26. Tasmanian Peppermint Oil
Peppermint plant
Mentha x piperita
(after the goddess Mentha and pepper-scented)
1.
Australian
Tea Tree Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Paper Bark Tree - no common name
Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel
(refers to black trunk and white branches and
alternate leaves on the stem) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam Distillation— Leaves & Terminal Branches |
|
DESCRIPTION
An evergreen tree, up to 4-7 m with a spread of 4 m,
native to the northern coastal area of New South Wales.
White flowers from spring to early summer, with leaves
that are alternate, lance-shaped and narrow to a point
(acuminate). |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A slightly yellow to colorless oil, clear through,
non-viscous and watery, not intense odor (4 on a scale of
1-10), the scent is herbaceous, green and celery-like with
subsidiary notes of wood, fungal earth and back notes of
camphor and spice. Dry down is herbaceous, camphoraceous
and fungal. Taste is mild. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific Gravity —
0.89 - .91
Refractive Index —
1.47 - 1.48
Optical Rotation — +5° to
15°
Solubility w/ethanol — clear sol'n 1 eo•2 vol.
85%
Moisture Content— no visible water |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
36.6% terpinene-4-ol
22.0% gamma-terpinene
11.4% alpha-pinene
6.1% 1,8-cineole (up to 30% acceptable with over
30% terpinene-4-ol present)
3.6% terpinolene
varying amounts, up to 3% of alpha-pinene,
para-cymene, limonene, alpha-terpineol, aromadendrene,
viridiflorene and gamma-cadinene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, an immune
stimulant, expectorant, mild local analgesic, organic
solvent and parasiticide. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
5
Franchomme & Penoël . Aromatherapie
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course,
CH. 14. 1999.
——. 375
Essential Oils & Hydrosols.Frog. 1999.
private communications. |
USES
A large spectrum of action. Used externally on skin for
acne, sores, cuts, used internally for respiratory
problems, bacteria and parasites in the gut and vagina,
used by inhalation for problems of the sinus, throat and
lungs. It is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, flavor
and fragrance. |
2.
Australian
White Cloud oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell.
(refers to black trunk and white branches |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam Distillation of the Leaves |
|
BOTANICAL
DESCRIPTION
An evergreen paper bark tree or shrub found in a variety
of places in central to northern to western Australia. A
profusion of white flowers appear in the spring, hence the
name "White Cloud". |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
Density — @
15°
1.025 - 1.039
Refractive Index @ 20° 1.529 - 1.535
Optical Rotation @ 20° -1.25° to -4.0°
Solubility - 70% ethanol - Clear sol'n 1 vol. eo in 1 vol.
70% |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE - A variety of chemotypes influences the
chemical profile.
70-85% methyl eugenol
4-10% elemicin
4-10% methyl cinnamate
0.5-5% alpha-terpinolene, beta-caryophyllene
0.5-4% para-cymene, methyl chavicol
up to 3% limonene, myrcene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Insecticide, anti-microbial, carminative, absorbs UV |
|
Bibliography:
----. The Medicinal Plant Industry .
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense. |
USES
flavor, fragrance and perfumery, insect repellents |
3.
Australian
Melaleuca linariifolia Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Paper Bark Tree or Snow-in-Summer
Melaleuca linariifolia Smith
(refers to black trunk and white branches of many species
and leaves like the toad flax genus Linaria) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam Distillation — Leaves & Terminal Branches |
|
DESCRIPTION
A tall shrub or small tree, up to 10 m with a spread
of 8 m, abundant throughout the coastal district of
NSW and Qld. Wide-spread crown, papery bark, leaves linear
to narrow elliptical, many-white flowers, profuse.
Flowering trees are spectacular. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A pale yellow to colorless oil, clear through, non-viscous
and watery, not intense odor (4-5 on a scale of 1-10), the
scent is herbaceous, somewhat green with floral back
notes. Taste is fragrant and mild. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific Gravity @ 15° — 0.89 -
0.899
Refractive Index —
1.475 - 1.478
Optical Rotation —
+3° 18' to +6° 48'
Solubility w/ethanol —
Soluble in 0.8 vol. of 80%alcohol
Moisture Content— |
|
|
CHEMICAL PROFILE
32.5% terpinene-4-ol
17.7% gamma-terpinene
8.9% alpha-pinene
8% 1,8-cineole (up to 30% acceptable with over30%
terpinene-4-ol present)
6.1% sabinene which may convert to terpinene-4-ol when
tree matures
3.3% terpinolene
varying amounts, up to 2% of alpha-pinene, para-cymene,
limonene, alpha-terpineol, aromadendrene, and
delta-cadinene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Germicidal |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Guenther, The Essential Oils
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course,
CH. 14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
private communications. |
USES
If the tree
is distilled in flower, the hydrosol is particularly
pleasant and can be used in all sorts of cosmetic
preparations. A large spectrum of uses, particularly in
germicides and soaps. |
4. Australian
Niaouli Oil CT cineole
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Broad-Leaved Paper bark Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav,) S.T. Blake
(refers to black trunk and white branches of many species
and with 5 nerves) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves & Terminal stems.
|
|
DESCRIPTION
An erect
evergreen small to medium tree, up to 20 m with thick
grayish papery bark. Leaves flat, stiff, leathery. Very
aromatic leaves with distinct odors depending on
Chemotype. Native to the swamps and water ways of the
eastern coastline. Cineole type also found in New Guinea
and New Caledonia |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A clear, colorless watery oil, non-viscous, medium
intensity odor (4-5 on a 1-10 scale), the scent is pungent
with herbs, camphor, a fungal and green
subsidiary note and fruity, spicy back notes. The taste is
herbaceous. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20º
Specific
Gravity @ 15º — 0.912 to
0.922
Refractive Index —
1.4670 to 1.4722
Optical Rotation —
-0°10' to + 1°18'
Solubility —
Soluble in 1 vol. of 80% alcohol
Moisture Content — |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
50.8%
cineole
10.6% alpha-pinene
10.0% limonene
7.2% alpha-terpineol
4.5% viridiflorol
3.5% beta-pinene
1.2 to 1.5% of linaloöl, terpinene-4-ol,
beta-caryophyllene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-inflammatory,
anti-viral, anti-bacterial and vermifuge, anti-infectious. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Essentially Oils Limited, Newsletter, August 2002
Guenther, The Essential Oils
private communications.
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH.
14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense |
USES
Useful
for children as the scent is pleasant and the results
quick. Inhaled for respiratory care, used in suppositories
as an immune-stimulant, used externally for all sorts of
skin ailments and disease or abscess. Internally as a
vermifuge. Gargle for sore or strep throat. Useful in
blending with more medicinal smelling oils, can be used in
men's skin care products. |
5.
Australian
Nerolina Oil CT nerolidol
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Broad-Leaved Paperbark Tree
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav,) S.T. Blake
(refers to black trunk and white branches of many species
and with 5 nerves) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves & Terminal stems.
|
|
DESCRIPTION
An erect
evergreen small to medium tree, up to 20 m with thick
grayish papery bark. Leaves flat, stiff, leathery. Very
aromatic leaves with distinct odors depending on
Chemotype. Native to the swamps and water ways of the
eastern coastline. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
colorless to pale yellow, clear and watery oil,
non-viscous, medium intensity odor (4-5 on a 1-10 scale),
the scent is predominating in floral with herbs,
camphor, a slight fungal and green subsidiary note
and fruity, spicy back notes. The taste is herbaceous and
pleasant. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity @ 15° — 0.885 -
0.895
Refractive Index —
1.4851 to 1.4815
Optical Rotation — slightly dextro +10.7º
to -12.4º
Solubility w/70% ethanol — clear sol'n with 1
vol. oil & 1.5 vols. 70%
ethanol
Moisture Content— none |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
60-90%
nerolidol (trans and cis)
16.5% linaloöl
trace to 3% cineole |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-inflammatory,
anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-hypertensive |
|
Bibliography:
Franchomme & Penoël . Aromatherapie
Guenther,
The Essential Oils
private
communications.
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH.
14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense |
USES
Extremely
effective used externally on skin rash, itching from
insect bites. Inhale to relax and relieve tension.
Useful for children as the scent if pleasant and the
results quick. Useful in blending with more medicinal
smelling oils, can be used in men's skin care products.
"Hormone-like adrenal tonic" |
6.
Australian
Rosalina Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Swamp Paperbark Tree
Melaleuca ericifolia Smith
(refers to black trunk and white branches and with leaves
like the genus Erica) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves & Terminal Stems.
|
|
DESCRIPTION
A
tall erect evergreen bushy shrub to small tree, 6-12
mm with grayish papery bark. Leaves are soft,
alternate, narrow, flowers white to cream and scented.
Distributed in low lying swamps, creeks and behind sand
dunes. Southern Victoria along coast to Northern NSW and
Bass Strait Islands. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A pale
golden in color, clear and watery oil, non-viscous,
medium intensity odor (5 on a scale of 1-10), the scent
soft, herbal, floral with spicy back notes. The taste is
herbaceous and numbing. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20º
Specific
Gravity —
0.8770 - 0.8785
Refractive Index —
1.529 - 1.535
Optical Rotation —
+1.24° - -4.0°
Solubility — Clear solution with 1 vol. oil in 1 vol. of
70% ethanol
Moisture Content — none |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
39-55%
linaloöl
14-26% cineole
2-12% alpha-pinene
up to 5% aromadendrene
up to 4-5% limonene and para-cymene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-bacterial,
antifungal, sedative, carminative, anti-convulsing,
decongestant, immune-stimulant, styptic. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Franchomme & Penoël . Aromatherapie
Guenther,
The Essential Oils
private
communications.
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH.
14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense |
USES
Respiratory
inhalant and sedative. Calming and relaxing. Useful for
nighttime inhaling prior to sleep. Personal care and
children products.
|
7.
Australian
Anise Myrtle Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Aniseed Tree
Backhousia anisata J. Vickery
After James Backhouse, 19th century English nurseryman and
Quaker missionary and oil of anise) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Aerial Parts |
|
DESCRIPTION
A rare
and endangered tree, up to 50 m that grows in sub-tropical
Rainforest confined to valleys and endemic of northern
NSW. It has rough, corky brown bark with dense foliage of
tapering lanceolate leaves (shaped like a lance)
characterized by the aniseed odor. Fragrant, creamy white
flowers that appear in late spring and summer. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
colorless oil, clear through, non-viscous and watery,
intense odor (7-8 on a scale of 1-10), the scent is spicy,
subsidiary notes of herbs and wood, fruity back note and
pure licorice taste.
|
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity @ 15° — 0.895 -
0.915
Refractive Index —
1.488 - 1.49
Optical Rotation —
+3.5° to +12.0°
Solubility w/70% ethanol — Clear sol'n 1 vol. eo
in less than 3 vols. ethanol
Moisture Content—
None |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
66-80%
methyl chavicol
20-30% E - anethole (trans-anethole)
trace of 1, 8-cineole, alpha-pinene, alpha-farnesene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal, sedative, carminative, insect repellent, a
dermal irritant in high doses. High amounts of methyl
chavicol are anesthetic and anti-spasmodic. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course,
CH. 14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
private communications.
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense |
USES
A large
number of applications in the flavor and fragrance
industry, can be used to mask the scent or flavor of other
essential oils and useful in perfumery and relaxing
massage. |
8. Australian
Lemon Myrtle Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Lemon Scented Myrtle Tree or Lemon Ironwood Tree
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
(After James Backhouse, 19th century English nurseryman
and Quaker missionary and lemon-scented) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves & Branchlets
|
|
BOTANICAL
DESCRIPTION
An
evergreen medium shrub to medium tree, to 20 m. native to
Southern Queensland. Young shoots are hairy. Glassy,
green, strongly lemon-scented aromatic leaves and abundant
flowers. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
slightly yellow oil, clear, non-viscous and watery,
semi-intense odor (5-6 on a scale of 1-10 ), citrus
odor predominating, some herbaceous and mildly woody back
notes. Strong aromatic citrus peel taste. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity @ 15°—
0.895 - 0.915
Refractive Index —
1.4880 - 1.4900
Optical Rotation —
+3.5° to +12.0°
Flash Point —
102°
Solubility - 70% ethanol - Clear sol'n with 1 vol.
oil in less than 7 vols. 70%
Moisture Content — None |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
90-95%
Citral (Neral + Geranial)
0.1 - 1% Citronellal
trace of beta-pinene, linaloöl,
beta-caryophyllene, methyl heptonone, cyclocitral and
myrcene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPERTIES
Anti-bacterial,
powerful anti-viral, sedative. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Franchomme & Penoël . Aromatherapie
Rose,
Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH. 14.
1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
——. Respiratory Chart. 2002
——. The Medicinal Plant Industry .
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense. |
USES
Apply
directly to cold sores or herpes. Add to many perfume
bases for the powerful citrus odor. Irritant to
skin, so use with caution. Use in diffuser to cleanse the
air or respiratory system. Used in flavor industry.
"When
given orally or by inhalation (citral), may possess
prominent protective effects against bronchial asthma
that is induced by inhalation of
broncho-constrictors Like May Chang oil the
essential oil may inhibit anaphylactic shock when
inhaled, and has a relaxing effect on the tracheal
muscle."
|
9. Tasmanian
Lavender Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Lavender Plant
Lavandula angustifolia Miller
(lavare referring to the old use of this plant in soap and
to narrow leaves) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation— Flowers and Tops also
solvent extracted |
|
DESCRIPTION
Small,
perennial, hardy, shrub, linear leaves, terminal
inflorescence of small, highly fragrant flowers, blooms in
early summer. Extreme forms of variation according to
terroir. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
slightly, very pale gold to colorless oil, clear,
non-viscous and watery, not intense odor (2 on a scale
of 1-10), the scent is a soft, sweet Lavender floral, with a
herbaceous subsidiary note and unique spicy back note. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Density
—
0.879
Refractive Index — 1.485 to
1.464
Optical Rotation — -3° to -11°
Solubility — Soluble in 2 - 4.5 vol. of 70%
ethanol
Moisture Content— no visible water |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
38.6%
linaloöl
29.82% linalyl acetate
5+% 3-octanone, cis- beta-ocimene
2+%
caryophyllene, terpinene-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate traces
of many other compounds
0.29-% camphor |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Mainly
soothing and sedating but also anti-spasmodic,
anti-inflammatory, tonic, and relaxing to the body.
Hypotensive (lowers blood pressure) |
|
Bibliography:
Cosmetic Science in Australia. The Lavender Story.
Vol. 3, No. 1, 198_?
Guenther. The
Essential Oils
Rose,
Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH. 14.
1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
private communications. |
USES
Ubiquitous
uses with a very large spectrum of action. Used externally for
many skin care conditions; used by inhalation for a variety
problems and in many relaxing products; some internal, rectal,
vaginal uses. A primary component of many cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, in fragrance and perfume compounds. |
10. Australian
Lemon Scented Tea Tree (Citratum) Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Lemon-Scented Tea Tree
Leptospermum petersonii Bailey
[From the Gk. and referring to the slender (leptos)
seeds (sperma) and named after W.J. Peterson the
original collector in 1905]. |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves and Small Stems
|
|
DESCRIPTION
An
evergreen shrub, semi-hardy, up to 3-7 m.
native to southern Queensland and north NSW.
Bright green leaves, narrow with a strong lemon order.
Used as a street tree in various areas. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A pale
to medium yellow oil, clear, non-viscous and watery,
medium intense odor (5 on a scale of 1-10). The scent is
strong citrus-green lemon odor, with herbaceous
subsidiary note and light floral back note. Slightly
numbing to the tongue. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity @15° —
0.800 -
0.900
Refractive Index —
1.4750 - 1.4850
Optical Rotation —
+1.5° to +10.0°
Solubility
in 70% ethanol — 1 vol. soluble in 3 vol. ethanol
Moisture Content—
none |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
45-65%
citral (neral + geranial)
21.6% citronellal
2-3% isopulegol, citronellol, geraniol
1.7% linaloöl
traces of many other chemicals |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Anti-fungal,
anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-histamine, sedative,
insect repellent. |
|
Bibliography:
Elliott, W. Rodger and David L. Jones.
Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Rose,
Jeanne . 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog.
1999.
Webb, Mark A. Bush Sense
private communications of case studies. |
USES
Use
direct on cold sores or herpes, apply around ears to
relieve vertigo, use in creams or lotions as insect
repellent or diffuse to cleanse air and repel
insects. Good addition to cosmetics and toiletries.
‡Skin irritant. |
11.
New Zealand
Manuka Oil
or Tairawhiti Manuka Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Manuka Tree
Leptospermum scoparium J. & G. Forster —
East Cape type CT
beta-triketones
[From the Gk. and referring to the slender (leptos)
seeds (sperma) and broom-like] |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves & Terminal Branches |
|
DESCRIPTION
A
semi-hardy shrub to small tree ranging in size from a
creeping plant to a tree 6 m in height, adaptable, and
growing throughout New Zealand. Used as a flowering
landscape tree in many parts of the U.S. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
slightly yellow, clear, non-viscous and watery, low
intensity odor (3-4 on a scale of 1-10) , the scent is
oddly floral, with a sustaining herbal note and some
fruity back note. Vegetal dry-down. No taste. |
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity —
0.950 -
0.975
Refractive Index —
1.496 - 1.506
Optical Rotation —
Solubility w/ethanol — Clear
sol'n with 1 vol. oil to 2
vols. 100% EtOH
Moisture Content—
none |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
10
- 20.0% leptospermone
9.0 - 18% calamanene
3 - 8 % delta-cadinene, cadina-1,4-diene,
flavesone
2 - 7% alpha-cubebene
alpha-copaene, alpha-selinene, iso-leptospermone
1 - 6% beta-selinene |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Anti-bacteria
against gram + bacteria, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory,
anti-histamine, anti-allergenic, disinfectant. |
|
Bibliography:
Cooke and Cooke, Cawthron Report #263l, 1994. An
Investigation into the Antimicrobial Properties of
Manuka and Kanuka Oil.
Elliott, W. Rodger and David L. Jones.
Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Manuka,
Herbal Gram issue 53
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course,
CH. 14. 1999.
——.
375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
private communications. |
USES
Topical
uses for many types of skin and hair care
products, particularly effective against acne, body and
foot odor |
12.
New Zealand
Kanuka Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
Burgan Tree
Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson
(Leptospermum ericoides)
(After Gustav Kunze, 18-19th-century, professor of
botany in Leipzig, Germany and resembles the genus
Erica) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves, Flowers & Terminal Branches |
|
DESCRIPTION
A
medium shrub to small tree ranging in size to 8 m in
height, adaptable, and growing throughout New Zealand
from sub alpine to lowland. Flowers are sweetly scented
with stamens longer than the corolla in Kunzea vs.
Leptospermum. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A very
pale yellow , clear, non-viscous and watery, not intense
odor (3 on a scale of 1-10 scale), the scent is
lightly herbaceous, very slightly vegetative and fruity.
Very slight numbing taste. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity —
0.87
Refractive Index —
1.473
Optical Rotation —
N/A
Solubility w/ethanol —
Moisture Content— |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
66.49%
alpha-pinene
4.67% limonene
2-3% C12, alpha-selinene, viridiflorol
1-2% cineole, linaloöl, calamenene, spathulenol, ledol
(Ledum camphor) |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Better
than Pine oil for respiratory inhalation, air cleanser,
anti-bacterial, disinfectant |
|
Bibliography:
Cooke and Cooke, Cawthron Report #263l, 1994. An
Investigation into the Antimicrobial Properties of
Manuka and Kanuka Oil.
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia
of Australian Plants
Phytochemistry,
Vol. 44, #8.1997. "Essential Oils from New
Zealand"
private communications. |
USES
Inhale
for respiratory health, air cleanser, effective against Staphylococcus
aureus, particularly where there is antibiotic
resistance (mixes well with Manuka) |
13.
Tasmania
Kunzea or Spring Flower Oil [Du Cane Kunzea Oil]
|
COMMON NAME,
BOTANICAL NAME, Comment
Tick Bush, White Kunzea Tree
Kunzea ambigua (Smith) Druce
(After Gustav Kunze, 18-19th-century, professor of botany
in Leipzig, Germany and ambiguous or doubtful) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Leaves, Twigs & Small Branches |
|
DESCRIPTION
A small
to medium shrub, grows wild in Tasmania, NSW as a
woodland species, young growth hairy, branches many,
leaves alternate; flowers solitary in dense clusters,
sometimes profuse with a strong sweet scent that can be
overpowering. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
yellowish oil, clear, non-viscous and watery, low
intensity odor (3 on a scale of 1-10), the scent is
herbal, vegetal and a bit spicy with a bland taste. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity — 0.912 at room
temperature
Refractive Index —
Optical Rotation —
Solubility w/ethanol —
Moisture Content— |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
33-39.9%
alpha-pinene
9-15.8% 1,8-cineole
11.9% globulol
09.4-11% viridifloral
05.1% bicyclogermacrene
02.9-4% alpha-terpineol |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Analgesic,
anti-inflammatory, solvent. |
|
Bibliography:
Du Cane Estate paper
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Kunzea. Simply Essential. February 2001
private communications.
University of Tasmania analysis |
USES
Sports
and injury relief, diffuses bruising, reduces swelling and
irritation by application, relieves arthritis pain,
chilblain and muscular pain by application, relieves sinus
pain and anxiety by inhalation. |
14.
Australian
Blue Cypress Oil
|
COMMON NAME,
BOTANICAL NAME, Comment
Northern Cypress Pine
Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G.
Smith
(from the Greek calli beautiful and treis
three in allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements
of its parts, leaves, scales and within the
tropics) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Peeled Logs
|
|
DESCRIPTION
Medium
sized conifer tree of the Cupressaceae family,
plantation grown, to 25 m, widespread in coastal
and inland areas of northern Australia. The leaves and
cone-scales whorled, cones ripen in 1-2 years. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A vivid
and pure cobalt-blue colored oil, opaque, viscous like
cane syrup, medium intensity odor (5 on a scale of
1-10), the scent is predominating wood, with vegetal
sustaining notes and back notes of herbs and floral. The
taste is bitter. Turns green when oxidized. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity —
0.976
Refractive Index —
1.5055 to 1.5075
Optical Rotation —
-0.1 to +0.5°
Solubility w/ethanol —
Moisture Content— |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
13-17.3%
guaiol
8-10% bulnesol
7.7% gamma-eudesmol
9% alpha- & beta-eudesmol
15-17% assorted terpenes, including guaiazulene
8% complex ketones |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Analgesic,
insect repellent, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral. |
|
Bibliography:
Boland, D.J. to Turner. Forest Trees of Australia
Elliott and Jones. Encyclopaedia of Australian
Plants
Mabberley, D. J. The Plant-Book. p.116
Olsen, Cynthia. Birth of the Blue, Kali Press.
2000
Rose, Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course,
CH. 14. 1999.
——. 375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
Webb, Mark. Blue Cypress in Aromatherapy Today
private communications. |
USES
A
valuable addition to skin products. Used externally the
scent is useful in men's products. It treats
warts, skin irritations, diaper rash and muscle
aches and pains. A superb 'first-aid' oil. |
15.
Australian
Victorian
Emerald Cypress Oil
|
COMMON NAME,
BOTANICAL NAME, Comment
Coastal Cypress Pine
Callitris columellaris F. Muell.
(callitris from the Greek calli beautiful and treis
three in allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements
of its parts, leaves, scales and the central column is
prominent) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Wood |
|
DESCRIPTION
A hardy
evergreen conifer tree to 20 m, confined to coastal
scrubs of Northern NSW and Queensland with spreading
branches, not pyramidal, the central column is
prominent, and bright dark-green scale-like leaves and
small wrinkled cones. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
beautiful emerald green color, clear like green water,
sticky and viscous like cane syrup, medium intensity
odor (5-6 on a scale of 1-10), the scent is
predominantly fruity, woody sustaining note and
green/vegetal and floral back notes. Bitter taste. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity @15° — 0.871 -
0.910
Refractive Index —
1.4680 - 1.4960
Optical Rotation —
+22.0° to +26.0°
Solubility w/ethanol — Clear sol'n -
1 vol. oil in 8 vol.
of 70% V/V
ethanol
Moisture Content—
None |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
24.3%
citronellic acid
20% guaiol
15% various alcohols
12% various terpenes |
|
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Analgesic,
maybe other properties unknown at this time. |
|
Bibliography:
Australian Medicinal Plants
Elliott, W. Rodger and David L. Jones.
Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
Rose,
Jeanne . The Aromatherapy Studies Course, CH. 14.
1999.
——.
375 Essential Oils & Hydrosols. Frog. 1999.
private communications. |
USES
Relieves
muscular aches and pains, an excellent perfumery
ingredient particularly for masculine body care
products. |
16.
Australian
Jade Cypress Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
White Cypress Pine
Callitris glaucophylla (syn. Callitris glauca)
(callitris=from the Greek calli beautiful and treis
three in allusion to the beautiful 3-fold arrangements
of its parts, leaves, scales and silvery leaves) |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Wood
|
|
DESCRIPTION
An
evergreen conifer tree of the Cupressaceae family, small
to medium size, 7-30 m high, Common in inland woodlands
and rolling hills on a variety of soils in Qld and
northern NSW. Straight trunk. Bark dark gray, to
pinkish brown. Mature leaves green, reduced to tiny
scales in alternating whorls of 3. |
OIL
CHARACTERISTICS
A
pleasant jade-green color, clear like greenish water,
sticky and viscous like cane syrup, medium intensity
odor (5-6 on a scale of 1-10), the scent is predominant
green/vegetal and woody, sustaining notes of herbaceous
and a floral back note. Bitter taste. |
|
|
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES @ 20°
Specific
Gravity — 0.9689 -
0.990
Refractive Index —
1.486 - 1.5037
Optical Rotation — +2.0
- 2.8 [-0.45°*]
Solubility w/ethanol — 4 vols. of 85% EtOH
Moisture Content— |
|
|
CHEMICAL
PROFILE
20%
alpha-guaiene
11-12% delta-, alpha-andbeta-selinene
11.9-14.7% guaiol
11% bulnesol
10% alpha-andbeta-eudesmol
4.6-4.9% dihydrocolumellarin
2-3% callitrisin
3-5% columellarin |
|
ESSENTIAL
OIL PROPERTIES
Analgesic |
|
Bibliography:
Cronin, Leonard. Key Guide to Australian Trees
Elliott, W. Rodger and David L. Jones.
Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants
* Australian Phytochemicals Limited
private communications. |
USES
Relieves
pain, swelling and bruising for external muscle
symptoms. It can be used in cosmetics, and fragrance
materials for its fine color and masculine scent. |
17.
Australian
Buddha Wood
Oil
|
COMMON NAME, BOTANICAL
NAME, Comment
False Sandalwood Tree
Eremophila mitchellii Benth.
[to love (phila) a lonely place or desert
(eremos) and named after Sir Thomas Mitchell, 19th
century explorer and botanist] |
PRODUCTION
METHOD
Steam
Distillation — Wood & Bark |
|
DESCRIPTION
An
evergreen and often resinous shrub to small tree 3-8 m
in height, (a woody weed), growing in many areas
predominately found on Wes | |